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C++ Tour Part III
Shared Pointer A shared pointer is a smart pointer that allows for distributed ownership of data. Each time it is assigned, a reference count is incremented, indicating one more owner of the data. When the pointer goes out of scope or an owner calls reset , the reference count is decremented. When the reference count goes to 0, the data pointed to is deallocated. Use make_shared : auto person = std :: make_shared < Person > ( ) ; if ( person ) { cout << "Person's address is " << person -> address ; } C++17 allows use of shared pointers to point to dynamically allocated arrays. However, make_shared cannot be used. Below is an example: shared_ptr < Person [ ] > persons ( new Person [ 10 ] ) ; persons [ 0 ] . _name = "Jack Sparrow" ; persons [ 0 ] . _address = "Caribbean" ; cout << "Address of first person " << persons [ 0 ] . address << endl ; A better solutio...
C++ Tour Part I
C++ Tour Hello World Here is the hello world program for C++: # include <iostream> int main ( ) { std :: cout << "Hello, World" << std :: endl ; return 0 ; } Building a C++ Program Building a C++ program is a three step process: Code is run through preprocessor which processes meta information The code is compiled where each .cpp file is translated to .o object file Individual object files are linked together into a single application. Main function Main function is where program execution starts. It comes in two flavors: with and without arguments. With arguments, it looks as follows: int main ( int argc , char * argv [ ] ) where argc gives the number of commandline arguments to the program, and argv array contains those arguments. The actual arguments start from index 1. I/O Streams cout is the stream for standard output, cerr is the strea...
C++ strings and string_view
C-style strings C style strings should be avoided except when interfacing with C libraries. C string library functions provide no bounds checking and memory allocation support. They are represented as an array of characters. Last character of the string is the null character \0 , so that code that uses the string knows where it ends. The space needed for a string is always one more than the number of readable characters. String Literals Strings written with quotes around them are string literals. They are stored in a read-only part of memory. Because they are stored in readonly sections, attempting to modify string literals is undefined behavior . Example: char * str = "world" ; str [ 0 ] = 'y' ; //undefined behavior If the code respected the standard and assigned the string literal to const char* , the compiler will catch attempts to modify string literals: const char * str = "world" ; str [ 0 ] = 'k' ; //compiler will f...
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